What is a fixed-interval schedule in operant conditioning?

A fixed-interval schedule in operant conditioning refers specifically to a reinforcement schedule whereby a reinforcement is provided after a predetermined amount of time has passed. This means that the behavior is reinforced only after a specific time interval has elapsed, leading to a pattern where individuals may work hard just before the scheduled reinforcement but show lower responsiveness immediately following it.

For example, if a worker receives a paycheck every two weeks, they may be motivated to work harder just before payday, knowing that their effort will be rewarded at that fixed time. This schedule is structured and predictable, which contrasts with other schedules of reinforcement, making it particularly effective in certain contexts of learning and behavior modification.

Other approaches to reinforcement schedules differ fundamentally from this concept—some involve rewards that are delivered at random intervals or based on the number of responses rather than elapsed time, creating distinct behavioral patterns. Understanding how a fixed-interval schedule operates can help in various applications, from education to workplace productivity.